Morphea - An Ayurvedic Perspective

Morphea is an inflammatory skin condition that is characterized by discoloured patches on the face, neck, hands, torso, or feet. These patches are hard, and if left untreated, they can affect subcutaneous tissues. The probable reason for morphea is the localized overproduction of collagen that results in discoloured patches, tight skin, dryness, hardness, and reduced flexibility.

Skin disorder + collagen overproduction + localization = Vata dosha vitiation + Pitta dosha vitiation

Let’s elaborate on this.

In Ayurveda, morphea may be associated with conditions described under skin disorders. Even though there is no direct implication of morphea in Ayurveda, one possible equivalent for morphea could be “Vataja Kusta” or “Vatarakta.” This implies that there is vitiation of vata dosha in morphea. Further, as there is an overproduction of collagen, pitta dosha is also vitiated. Hence, Ayurvedic treatment for morphea includes the balancing of doshas, the elimination of toxins, and the management of symptoms through dietary & lifestyle modifications. 

Understanding Morphea in Ayurveda

Through the lens of doshas, morphea is primarily said to be vata and pitta vitiated. Due to the vitiation, there is an impact on the dhatus (tissues) and srotas (channels) within the body. 

Contribution of doshas vitiation in morphea

  1. Vata dosha: Responsible for dryness, hardness, and thickening of the skin
  2. Pitta dosha: Responsible for inflammation, discolouration, and spread of lesions
  3. Kapha dosha: Responsible for excessive tissue buildup and fibrosis

Impact on dhatus (tissues) in morphea

  1. Rasa dhatu (plasma): It is the initial site of morphea, leading to impaired nutrition and hydration of the skin.
  2. Rakta dhatu (blood): It is affected by the inflammatory process, causing discolouration and lesions.
  3. Mamsa dhatu (muscle): This tissue is thickened and hardened in morphea.
  4. Meda dhatu (fat): In extreme cases, meda dhatu is involved, leading to deep sclerotic changes.

Formation of ama (toxins)

Due to an imbalance of pitta dosha, there is improper digestion and metabolism. This leads to the accumulation of ama in channels (srotas), which disrupts normal tissue functioning. 

Involvement of srotas (channels) in morphea

Channels, being responsible for skin nutrition and blood circulation, tend to block the ama (toxins) at the site of morphea and initiate the condition. On further accumulation of toxins, morphea progresses.

Manifestation of Morphea in Ayurveda

Morphea, defined as a localized kind of skin and tissue stiffening in Ayurveda, can be linked to a dosha imbalance, especially Vata, Pitta, and Kapha. Here’s a detailed look at how morphea appears using Ayurvedic principles:

 

  1. Skin changes
  • Discolouration: In the early stages, the skin may show reddish or purplish patches due to pitta vitiation. This further turns whitish or brownish as kapha and vata dosha become involved.
  • Hardening and thickening: The increasing prevalence of Vata and Kapha causes the skin to become tougher, thicker, and less elastic. This thickening is typically localized and might vary in intensity.
  • Dryness: Vata imbalance causes dry, scaly patches in the affected areas. The skin may appear glossy and feel tight.
  1. Lesions
  • Well-defined plagues: Morphea usually appears as well-defined, isolated plaques. These plaques can be oval or irregular in shape, and their size ranges from little spots to enormous expanses.
  • Smooth and shiny surface: As the skin thickens and tightens, it may appear smooth and shiny.
  1. Sensory changes
  • Itching and burning: In the early stages, there may be itching or a burning sensation, especially if Pitta is involved, which causes inflammatory responses.
  • Numbness or Reduced Sensation: As the problem advances and the skin hardens, the affected areas may feel decreased sensation or numbness, which is frequently associated with Vata’s drying and obstructive properties.
  1. Systemic symptoms
  • Joint stiffness: If morphea penetrates deeper tissues, such as muscles and joints, it can cause stiffness and restricted movement.
  • Muscle Weakness: Advanced cases may impact muscle tissue, resulting in weakness and reduced function.
  1. Affected dhatus (tissues)
  • Rasa dhatu (plasma): Initial impairment affects the skin’s nourishment and moisture, resulting in dryness and discolouration.
  • Rakta dhatu (blood): Inflammatory processes affect blood tissues, causing redness and the spread of lesions.
  • Mamsa dhatu (muscle): Skin thickening and hardness are signs of muscle tissue involvement.
  • Medas dhatu (fat): In severe situations, profound fibrosis causes fatty tissues to harden and stiffen.

Ayurvedic management of morphea

To treat morphea, Ayurveda emphasizes harmonizing the doshas, cleansing the body, and maintaining tissue health through holistic remedies.

Detoxification (Shodhana):

  • Virechana (purgation): It eliminates excess pitta and pollutants.
  • Basti (medicated enemas): It regulates vata and cleanses the intestines.

Internal Medicine (Shamana):

  • Turmeric (Haridra), Guduchi (Tinospora cordifolia), Manjistha (Rubia cordifolia), and Neem (Azadirachta indica) are herbs that help to balance the doshas and detox the body.

Topical treatments:

  • Medicated oils and pastes, such as Kumkumadi Tailam and Aloe Vera Gel, can moisturize and treat the skin.

Diet & Lifestyle:

  • A diet plan is suggested that calms the inflamed doshas while avoiding irritants such as spicy, acidic, and processed foods.
  • Yoga, meditation, and pranayama (breathing techniques) are included that help with stress management.
  • Regular exercise is suggested, which helps promote circulation and detoxification.

Conclusion

Morphea is a complex Ayurvedic condition that affects multiple doshas and tissues. It manifests as an array of skin abnormalities, sensory changes, and possible systemic symptoms. A tailored, comprehensive approach is required for effective management, with a focus on detoxification, dosha balance, internal and external treatments, and beneficial lifestyle behaviours. Consultation with an expert Ayurvedic practitioner is essential for a personalized diagnosis and treatment plan.